Rainbow Colored Flames Using Household Chemicals

Its easy to make a rainbow of colored flames using common household chemicals. Basically, what you need are chemicals for each of the colors, plus a fuel. Use a fuel that burns with a clean blue flame. Good choices include rubbing alcohol, 151 rum, hand sanitizer made with alcohol, lighter fluid, or alcohol fuel treatment. You can get a rainbow effect by placing chemicals directly on burning wood or paper, but sodium in these fuels produces a strongly yellow flame, which tends to overpower the other colors. Set Up the Rainbow On a fire-proof surface, line up small piles of powder for each of the colorants. You only need a small pinch of each chemical (1/2 teaspoon or less). Usually, youll run your rainbow red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet (or the opposite direction). It works best if you try to keep the colorant chemicals separate. When the fuel is added, some of the colors naturally will run together. Once the chemicals are set up, theres no hurry to light the fire. When you are ready, add fuel and then light it at one end. Youll get the most vivid coloring using methanol, but it burns hot. Hand sanitizer burns with the coolest temperature flame, but the high water content means the rainbow fire doesnt last long. Feel free to experiment. One compromise is to dampen the powders with methanol and follow up with a layer of hand sanitizer. As the fuel burns, the water will naturally extinguish the flames. The colorant chemicals are not consumed by the flames, so you can add more fuel to renew the rainbow. Table of Flame Colorants Most of the chemicals used for the project can be obtained from a grocery store. All of them are available at a superstore, like a Walmart or Target Supercenter. Color Chemical Common Source Red strontium nitrate or a lithium salt contents of a red emergency flare or lithium from a lithium battery Orange calcium chloride or mix red/yellow chemicals calcium chloride bleaching powder or mix salt with flare contents Yellow sodium chloride table salt (sodium chloride) Green boric acid, borax, copper sulfate borax laundry booster, boric acid disinfectant or insect killer, copper sulfate root killer Blue alcohol rubbing alcohol, Heet methanol, 151 rum, or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, lighter fluid Violet potassium chloride salt substitute Rainbow Fire Safety Information In addition to performing the project on a heat-safe surface, its a good idea to do it in a well-ventilated area, under a fume hood, or outdoors. There may be a small amount of smoke.Do not add fuel to the fire while it is still burning. Wait until the flames are extinguished and then add more alcohol and re-light the fire.The flames are easily extinguished by blowing them out, suffocating them (as with the lid of a pan), or by adding water.Its a good idea to wear protective eyewear and clothing, as for any science demonstration. Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics, as they readily melt if exposed to flame. Cotton, silk, and wool are good choices, or you can wear a lab coat.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) And Herpes Simplex Virus

In present day society, a silent pandemic affects countless humans. These diseases are known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STDs typically spread without warning and once the diseases are contracted, it is impossible to eliminate even with assistance from advance modern medicine. In particular, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are notorious for their capability to end a person’s way of life. These viral maladies are noted for their differences concerning methods of transmission in the body, distinct lack of prominent symptoms, and dissimilar treatments used on patients to ease the symptoms. HIV and HSV are both classified as sexually transmitted diseases, yet they are inherently different at the molecular level, thus requiring different methods of transmission through the body. For instance, HSV is a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus. The herpes virus attacks the stratified squamous epithelium, the thin layer of tissue, of the mouth, vagina, and the rectum. In order to infect more epithelial cells, HSV deceives the host cell into reproducing the proteins and viral DNA necessary for the HSV to replicate more of itself. Lastly, the virus recedes to the nerve cells where the virus becomes latent until it is reactivated causing more outbreaks (â€Å"Herpesvirus Infections† 520). HIV, on the other hand, is a single stranded RNA retrovirus. HIV attacks the immune cells (helper T lymphocytes) and macrophages—functions to rid harmful substancesShow MoreRelatedHIV/AIDS, Herpes and HPV in South African Youth Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesis this age group of the population that has shown the highest HIV prevalence over time. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like Herpes and HPV within the South African youth are also associated to the transmission of HIV because both of them increase the risk of infection. 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It is caused by a bacterium that infects the urethra in menRead MoreThe Virus Responsible for the AIDS Disease1522 Words   |  6 PagesThe virus which is responsible for the disease of AIDS or the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is named as HIV or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is one of the members of viruses called the retrovirus. Explain this later These viruses are capable of duplicating the RNA into DNA.The virus has two exact copies of single-stranded RNA as the basic genome in the very center of the organism. The genome is surrounded by a membrane that is made of membrane-bound proteins and lipids. One of the membrane-boundRead MoreGene Therapy And Its Effects1619 Words   |  7 Pagesex vivo and in vivo. In ex vivo gene therapy, target cells from a patient are infected with a recombinant virus containing the desired therapeutic gene. These modified cells are then reintroduced into the patient’s body signaling the proper production of the targeted protein to supplement the absence or malfunction of the genetic disorder. In contrast, in vivo gene therapy injects the virus recombined with the therapeutic DNA directly into the patient via an IV or through tissue injection to tryRead MoreWake County Health Case Study1857 Words   |  8 PagesInterview: Wake County Health Department â€Å"Wake county’s HIV/STD community program offers a comprehensive continuum of care including prevention education, HIV/STD counseling and testing, and treatment and supportive services for people with HIV/AIDS† Services provided: 1. HIV/STD Education and outreach: a team works with individuals, groups, partner agencies and communities throughout Wake County. They provide HIV/STD prevention education. Prevention education according to the CDC are facts/information

Urban Farming in New York Free Essays

Ilona Mukhisnova ENG 1101 10/22/2012 Prof. Alatriste Home Paper #2 – Argumentative Essay Urban Farming for Providing NYC with a Sustainable Food System ?Nowadays, a life in a huge megalopolis like New York can be very advantageous for a person in things like an easy access to business, culture, politics, and entertainment. However, live in the big city can has its own negative sides. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Farming in New York or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scott Stringer, in the report â€Å"Food NYC: A Blueprint for Sustainable Food System† points out serious nutrition and pollution issues in the city. Indeed, there are a lot of problems that New Yorkers have to face with, but a lack of â€Å"affordable and healthy† food is one of things that the City’s residents suffer most from. The report contains ideas and recommendations that New York can adopt to â€Å"balance health, economic, and environmental needs. † According to the report, it could be reached by changing processes of producing and consumption of food such as the use of efficient and energy-saving technologies which may lead to reducing NYC’s GHG emissions. I think that sustainable food system could be developed by means of promotion of local agriculture and encouraging residents and businesses to consume locally produced food. ?There are a lot of problems that make the developing of local agriculture in the city difficult. One of such problems is the high CO2 production. In his report, Stringer says that â€Å"the city has committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 30 percent by the year 2030,† if it sticks to Mayor Bloomberg’s PlaNYC initiative. However, a lot of people think that it’s really a low percentage of improvements for almost twenty-year period, but I believe that it’s way better than no improving at all, and that there’s some other ways to improve the environmental situation the city. One of the ways to reduce such problems as CO2 emission is to increase the number of parks and gardens in the city. According to Stringer’s report, some people consider gardens as â€Å"a transitional use of land, available until the land is ready for urban development. I find this point of view wrong, as these green oases in the middle of the concrete jungles help to keep our city healthier by both â€Å"absorb[ing] carbon through photosynthesis† and, thus, preserving the environment and being a place for community activities. Lubie Grujicic-Alatriste, the author of the article â€Å"New York City Community Gardens Are in Full Bloom,† says community gardens â€Å"bring so much needed relie f from urban pollution. I agree with the author’s view that local residents’ help in maintaining community gardens are one of the best examples of people’s efforts to save the green â€Å"plots of land,† and this, most importantly, can help decrease the negative impacts of food sector. ?One of the biggest stoppers of developing urban agriculture in New York City is a lack of available for gardening and farming lands. In a built-up city like New York, the demand on land is great. There are some groups of people such as construction companies who are against securing the City’s land for agriculture purposes. They all need land for developing new projects and getting large profit. I think the City Government should create proper legislation to regulate the City’s land use and protect existing parks and gardens from being replaced with buildings. Also, the land demand keeps the prices on land extremely high, what makes it difficult to do business by growing fruits and vegetables; farms’ profits not always can cover the costs of production. Danielle Sonnenberg writes in her article â€Å"Interest Grows in Urban Farms: City’s Green Movement Has Ear of Wall Street† that â€Å"real estate costs are high†, and that the City and community organizations should increase the interest of Wall Street to invest in urban farming. The author points out that agriculture companies like NewSeed Advisors and Gotham Greens find urban farming profitable. Examples of these companies show that projects like hydroponic greenhouse are actually â€Å"commercially viable. That makes Wall Street consider urban farming as a good source of investment. All of the above reasons bring us to the point that we should consider new ways of city farming. According to the â€Å"Food NYC†, urban agricultural growth may be achieved by considering opportunities of using of â€Å"underutilized spaces, such as rooftops, basements, or warehouses. † In the article â€Å"Huge Rooftop Farm is Set for Brooklyn†, which appea red in the New York Times on April 5th, 2012, the author (Lisa W. Foderato) tells about a new project of â€Å"Bright Farms, a private company that develop greenhouses,† the world’s largest rooftop farm in Sunset Park, Brooklyn. The farm is going to work on the hydroponic technology, – â€Å"vegetables are [going to be] grown in water rather than soil. † Rooftop farms are not a novelty for New York: there are already farms in Long Island City, the Greenpoint, etc. Thus, the development of alternative urban farms may encourage city residents to consume locally produced food. The supporting and developing untraditional type of urban farming will bring affordable fresh produce to the City’s counters. Locally produced food with the use of modern technology can improve the overall health of the City’s population, lower the food’s costs, and reduce negative environmental impact. Securing the land for parks and gardens use can also improve NYC environment. Promoting urban agriculture and encouraging residents to consume locally produced food can help the City Government to provide New Yorkers with sustainable food system. How to cite Urban Farming in New York, Essay examples