Analysis of the Basketball Free Throw

Analysis of the Basketball Free Throw Analysis of the Basketball Free Throw Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze free throw shooting in basketball and to demonstrate the relationship between structural and functional anatomy and movement performance. This paper will discuss the muscles and actions that are important for the movement and how these muscles relate specifically to the movement outcome, limiting/facilitating joints and associated structures. Also discussed is the combination of muscle and joint motions important for movement success. We also briefly discuss the sources of movement failure. The final section of this paper will discuss how this movement is critical for success in sport and what happens with aging, disease, or injury that can compromise function and ability to perform the movement. Introduction The free throw shot is one the most important shots in basketball. In fact, around 20% of all points scored in the NCAA Division 1 are from free throws shots (Kozar, Vaughn, Lord, Whitfield, & Dve 243-248). The importance of this shot increases later in the game, because free throws tend to comprise greater percentage of the points that are scored in the last 5 minutes than the initial 35 minutes by either the wining or the losing team (Kozar et al., 123-129). The free throw shot is considered as the easiest shot for a professional basketball player, as the player stands alone, 15 feet away from the hoop with no defense or distraction. The player needs to get ready target, prime the ball and shoot (Okubo & Hubbard, 2006). A successful free throw shot requires deep concentration, and most importantly good mechanics to take a perfect shot. While a free throw shot does not seem like an action that needs a lot of movement, muscle groups and joints in a body work together in isotonic contractions, utilizing multiple muscle groups in creating the movement. A free throw shot engages elbow, hip and ankle extensors in addition to wrist and shoulder flexors. In the case of the kn ees, the joints are hinged and the movement starts with a flexion, preparing for the free throw. Quadriceps and hamstrings become the antagonist and the agonist. This movement happens as you utilize knee flexion so that the muscles work in pairs. Hamstring contraction pulls the joints which makes the individuals bend their knees. The next movement after the flexion is the knee extension. When the shooter releases the ball, the quadriceps is the agonist and the hamstring is the antagonist. The upper body sequence would be: extension of trunk, shoulder flexion that will follow extension of elbow and wrist flexion. A common error during the shot is performing shoulder flexion and elbow extension at once, so that the elbow extension contributes less in taking the shot and is combined with the shoulder flexion rather than adding to the hand velocity. As the ball is brought up with use of both hands, it passes directly in the front of shooter’s eyes and the shot is aimed with the e yes underneath the basketball (Alexander 9). When the trunk moves from its flexed position to an extension, the upward movement of trunk would push down on the lumbar vertebrae, pushing down on the sacroiliac joints, which in turn will push down on the body’s hip joints. Knee joints respond to downward force transmitted by the hips by producing a greater knee flexion. Players who, for various reasons, do not have the needed trunk flexion in this stage of the free throw shot would decrease their ability to load their legs for the shot and consequently might end up losing full contribution of leg extension from the deeply flexed position to free throw. It has been suggested that trunk extension can help in triggering more forceful moment of knee extension. Additionally, a deeper trunk extension produces added hyperextension at the neck area helping the shooter to retain the focus on the rim (Oddsson 109-118).

EPIC - DSS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EPIC - DSS - Research Paper Example The evaluation process will assist in determining the probability and effectiveness of EPIC-DSS. Apart from this, the evaluation process will also help to determine the benefits of implementing DSS in case of business decision making or structuring reports (Louw, 2002). The implementation of DSS has acted as solution to the management in order to increase the effectiveness of decision making process for better effectiveness and efficiency. It has secured the business operations as well as reduced the cost of business operation for the future endeavors. Moreover, it has advanced the business processes and improved an organizations competitive advantage by ensuring facilities in case of production, promotion, pricing, marketing and some logistical functions (Louw, 2002). On the contrary, it also helps to make decisions in case of nursing and clinical purpose. It helps in delegating responsibilities to the people so that the organisation is managed efficiently. The proposed research, aims to evaluate the benefits of EPIC-DSS after implementing DSS. The evaluation approach will review the quality of the decision making in case of various business activities. Apart from this, it will also determine the cost involvement in the EPIC-DSS process to increase the effectiveness of business. Moreover, it will help to identify the improvement of an organization in terms of competitive advantage. Through the evaluation approach it will be possible to identify the effectiveness of the DSS. Beside, this it will also help to determine the advancement of business processes due to the implementation of EPIC-DSS in the management (Louw, 2002). The results of evaluation will help to understand the benefits and threats of EPIC-DSS in case of business activities. Moreover, the result of evaluation will help to take precautions before using the EPIC-DSS in case business activities are

Theodore McKenzie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theodore McKenzie - Essay Example His shirt, damp from the humidity, outlining his lean built and his broad shoulders, bonded tightly onto his skin. Like tiny crown jewels, droplets of sweat constellated on top of his straight yellow hair - comparable to the colour of the corn kernels. In fact, Theodore remembered other boys referred to him as a corn child, not to mock him or anything - except that he stood out among the rest of the children whose skins were less pallid and whose hair was as dark as burnt wood. Theodore, when he was a child, on his way home from school, used to pass along the tiny path in the middle of the cornfields. Cornfield farmers usually allotted space in between rows of corn so that it would be easy for them to cut grass and weeds that 'affect growth of maize' at least that was how Simeon, an ageing lanky tenant who lives in a shack near the foot of the mountains, explained it. Simeon's wife used to beat him up with corn stem every time he comes home drunk after swigging a jar of coconut wine concocted by the residents in the valley. Theodore remembered the paths to be always free of weeds and he thanked Simeon and the farm workers for that. The brownish soil formed mounds and crests just like those of waves, and when it rained - as it always rained - water cruised along the paths, and the soil glued firmly on his shoes, like sticky rice cake fixed on one's tooth - elevating his black leather boots a few centimeters more. Theodore could not bear walking like that an d he would often take his boots off and walk barefoot towards home. Although sometimes, the blades of corn leaves protruding towards the path and towards him, would cut gently through his skin as a knife with a jagged edge would cut a pinnate leaf, leaving linear marks on his arms. When he was a boy, Theodore recalled going home one day after school, passing through the fields, towards the end of the vast plantation where a lone Baroque-inspired mansion formidably stood. His house was the only structure that could be seen from afar - even if it was viewed from the hills or from the mountains or tens of kilometers away. Its red brick roof looked like a red piece of cloth on a yellow floor during that time of the year, as the plants were almost ready for harvest. The corn's golden kernels still sparkled under the setting sun casting a red glittery reflection on each bead. Almost everyday on his way home, as he approached his house, Theodore would always hear his mother playing music, humming a tune or fingering Wagner on the piano. He didn't know Wagner nor liked his music but his mother manipulated her favorite musical instrument with passion, a kind of ardor, which Theodore had never seen in someone else's fingers or behavior. Today was a strange day though. On his way towards the door, Theodore didn't hear the piano nor hear his mother humming a tune. Instead he heard his father's voice. It was shaky but apparently angry. "What do you mean you don't know where she went" his father was interrogating Teresa, one of the housekeepers. " She is gone Senor Leopold. I looked everywhere. She was not in her room either." "Are you sure you looked in the neighborhood for her" From the doorway, Theodore saw his father's anxious face, his brows creased and his lips parted and shaking like a leaf hanging onto a stem. "We have looked everywhere and we saw one of the suitcases" His father swiftly interrupted the young maid. " She wouldn't do that!

Basketball Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Basketball Court - Essay Example Personnel Roles 8 Project Manager: Sultan Malki 8 Assistant Project Manager/Quality management: Hassan Hazime 9 Resource Management and communication: Majid Altaweraqi 9 Task Management and assistant resource manager: Khaled Alqahtani 9 Research and Information Management /Cost analysis: Mohammed Dashti 10 Project Team Manager/ Project change Manager: Tamer Turjuman 10 Project Cost Analysis and Duration 12 Work breakdown structure 13 Location 14 Plot Pictures 15 Back view 15 Front View 16 Aerial View 17 Appendix 18 Fundraising requirement 18 Conclusion 20 Reference 22 Benefactor contacts 23 Background The main purpose of the proposed basketball court project is to provide an alternative outdoor recreation facility to the surrounding community of NW 27th Terrace in the city of Miami specifically in Midtown. This area is not quite the typical, safe residential area where facilities are spread throughout the district. So, it is considered somewhat a poor community in Miami where many si milar struggling neighborhoods exist in this city. In addition to that, there are houses and a public school located within a walking distance from this empty property that has been assigned to be a basketball court. The facility usage will not be limited to a certain group in that area. All community members will have an equal chance to use the basketball court. An outdoor basketball court provides another venue for recreational sports to host intramural activities and a place of open recreation for all community members. In addition, being involved in sports and outdoor activates is a good way to relief stress and anger. Consuming energy at a basketball court is safer and more beneficial to community members rather than being active on the streets that can lead to injury or crime; according to the Australian Institute of Criminology, â€Å"sport and physical activity have crime prevention potential.† Project initiation Project selection To build an outdoor basketball court within 6 months with a starting budget of $5000, in order to reduce gang violence Vision and benefits Reduce gang violence Engage young members to be active in the community Benefit the community, economically, socially and educationally Project Planning Key Staff Project Manager (PM) 2 Assistant Project Managers (APM) Public Relator (PR) Sports Surface Construction Cooperation Project Charter In the United States, the U.S. department of justice authorizes the action to construct and build a basketball court. In order to construct a basketball court, certain specification is required by the outdoor sports construction companies and by the suppliers. Fundraising shall come from Miami Dade County ($10,000), Neighborhood Donations ($5,000), Nike ($300,000), Urban Development ($50,000), Miami Heat Charity Organization ($100,000),and Spalding corporation ($35,000) Scope Statement Project Objective The primary objective is to build an outdoor basketball court within 6 months located at 21 3 NW 27th Terrance, Miami FL. Deliverables I. A standard high school or outdoor court (actual coverage 51’0’’ X 84’0’’) II. Concrete Slab (51’2’’ X 84’2’’) III. Two Fixed-Height, In-Ground Hercules Basketball System Models IV. Fixed- Height surrounding Fence with Openings V. Simple freestanding aluminum bench for sports court VI. An 8000 watt lighting system

Impacts of Globalization on Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Impacts of Globalization on Apple Inc - Essay Example One of the most successfully recognized global organizations that recognized the relevance of globalization is Apple Inc. In this regard, the current research aims to examine the actual and potential impacts of globalization on the organization through a comprehensive examination of the factors that led to the decision. The discourse would hereby be structured through providing the relevant theoretical framework for the globalization, prior to delving into the corporate background and profile of Apple Inc. Subsequently, the impact of globalization would be expounded as applied by Apple in terms of presenting the changes it made on the organization’s market share, competition, and the strategies designed and implemented for globalization efforts to succeed. Globalization As emphasized by Riggs (2000), the concept of globalization has been studied to reveal that it has many meanings and dimensions. Figure 1: Globalization has Many Meanings Source: Riggs 1998, 2 Business practiti oners could simply attempt define globalization as a process of expanding operations abroad. However, like the evolution in contemporary organizations’ structure, the concept and definition of globalization goes beyond the traditional view of doing business in another country or beyond international waters. In a study conducted by Al-Rodhan (2006), globalization was intricately defined as â€Å"a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities† (Al-Rodhan 2006, 2). By transnational, Lee Iwan, a professional with extensive cultural and international experiences described its meaning as corporations that â€Å"have invested in foreign operations, have a central corporate facility but give decision-making, R&D and marketing powers to each individual foreign market† (Iwan 2007, 1). As indicated by Riggs (2000) on his key concepts of globalization, the dimensions of globali zation are: â€Å"Economics: globalization = trade, money, corporations, banking, capital Political science: globalization = governance, war, peace, IGOs, NGOs, regimes Sociology: globalization = communities, conflict, classes, nations, agreements Psychology: globalization = individuals as subjects and objects of global action Anthropology: globalizaton = cultures overlapping, adapting, clashing, merging Communications: globalization = information as knowledge and tools -- INTERNET Geography: globalization = everything, provided it can be anchored in space† (Riggs: Dimensions, 1998, par. 2). Figure 2: Dimensions of Globalization Source: Riggs, 1998, p. 5 These dimensions were validated by Al-Rodhan (2006) when he emphasized that â€Å"globalization involves economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the transmission of knowledge; cultural stability; the reproduction, relations, and discourses

Hedging Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hedging Strategies - Essay Example These payments must be made in Euros and hence, Virtual Books is exposed to potential exchange rate risk on these transactions. In order to mitigate and hedge this exchange rate risk, Virtual Books has various alternatives to eliminate this risk. The first alternative is that of Forward Contracts. A forward contract is an agreement between two parties to buy/sell a specified asset at a forward price at a specified date. Forward Contracts are just a commitment to deliver/take delivery of the said asset and at the time of agreement, there is no exchange. Hence the cost of entering into a forward contract is nothing. Other advantages of a forward contract include customization for the customer, and OTC trade. The major drawback is that this contract is an obligation which must be honored. In case it is not honored, the customer can go for or be taken to litigation. In the case of Virtual books, it can enter into a forward agreement with its bank to buy euros at a predetermined forward p rice. By doing so, they can eliminate the potential risk involved in taking a price on the day of the payment. There will obviously be an opportunity cost involved. Assuming that the market is above the forward price on the day of taking up the contract, the customer will be losing out on a potential gain.

Model Law on International Contracting Essay Example for Free

Model Law on International Contracting Essay Introduction E-commerce in commodity goods has existed for decades. Electronic contracts provided a new mechanism to form a relationship via Internet and now we see many commodity products being exchanged daily on the Web. The contract can respond not only to the parties but to changing conditions of some kind and then inform the parties of these new events or conditions. The electronic contract, in other words, connects the parties to each other and, if desired, to other people and to other sources of information in ways that are difficult to imagine with paper. Time, like space, seems to be out of place or even absent in the internet environment. Consequently, different jurisdictions and different laws have challenged some contract issues. Therefore, with the advent of the Web as the new commercial medium, traders and buyers alike should be aware of some basic principles of contract formation and how they apply to Web transactions. Mostly, the approved rules of paper contract continue to hold up in a purely internet exchange between parties to an agreement. The law does, however, draw the line at certain kinds of transactions which must be fulfilled. It is important before considering the particularities of the online world, to take a step back and examine contractual formation via Internet which is the background against which the relevant rules to the online world were established. Today all developed countries try to create a uniform commercial code for business over the Internet. The purpose of this is to design a uniform legal structure for electronic commercial bargains world-wide. Steps in this direction have been taken by the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Contracting, English Law, and the CISG Convention, which has developed a â€Å"model law on electronic commerce† for international contracts in electronic commerce. This work will consider rules and standards for electronic contract performance, define what constitutes valid electronic writing and the acceptability of electronic signatures for legal and commercial purposes under abovementioned laws. It will also discuss the main forms of contracts via Internet and define problems that appeared in the formation of electronic contract today. 3. Formation of contract over Internet 3. 1 The offer 3. 1. 1 Under English Law In English law an internet contract via a website is formed after an offer a determinate indication of the terms on which the offeror is prepared to be legally bound is accepted by the offeree the person to whom the offer has been made . If the email of acceptance does not vary the terms fixed in the email of offer, a contract will be formed by the second email. An offer may be to the world in general in which case anyone may accept it or to a particular person in which case only they can accept it . At English law, a contract is concluded when an offer is accepted. Although this rule appears simple, there have been many conflicts over how to distinguish and identify invitations to treat, offers and acceptances. English common law traditionally classifies an offer as a statement by one party of his or her willingness to enter into a contract on stated terms, provided that these terms are accepted by the party to whom the offer is addressed; whereas an invitation to treat is simply an expression of willingness to enter into discussion which, it is hoped, will lead to the conclusion of a contract at a later date . Therefore advertisement of goods on the website will come only to an invitation to treat. Only when a buyer notifies about his intention to buy something from the site, the offer will only be formed. After this the seller can accept or refuse that offer. Under English Law an offer must be clear and complete and afford a distinct indication of the offeror’s intents . The offer must contemplate acceptance and a consequent obligation or obligations. An advertisement is considered as a mere invitation to do business and it is not an offer. An offeror is legally bound by the terms of the contract once his offer is accepted; while one who makes an invitation to treat is clearly free to accept (and thus form a contract) or to reject any offers that result from it, without any legal consequences.